Wednesday, 31 October 2012

Book Review: THE MIDDLEMAN (Sankar): TUHIN ROY



REVIEW   OF   ‘THE MIDDLE MAN’
                                                                                                   Novel written by SANKAR
                                                                                             (TRANSLATED BY ARUNAVA SINHA) 

No doubt this novel,  THE MIDDLEMAN ( originally JANA ARANYA) written by Sankar & translated by Arunava Sinha, is a work out of sheer brilliance. Describing the time of recession in Calcutta at the time of 1970s , the story not only has kept the problem on the table ,but also has pointed out the loopholes of the entire system –education ,jobs ,government  and everything else.

Firstly ,before criticising(good or bad) the novel, we must get to know the background of the entire story; better to say,we should know the stage before watching the play. The story is drawn on the plot of recession stricken Calcutta of 1970s where there is a lot of young ones who were quite educated but had no job in there hands, good to say they were ‘educated jobless’, and to the society they were just ‘good for nothing’. The story has a main character , who , himself being a jobless, symbolises the jobless of not only  Calcutta but also of the society of all times and places.

The protagonist of THE MIDDLEMAN , is Somnath Banerjee, son of a retired judge, having two older brothers who are well established, married and having their time of life. Whereas Somnath, though passed his B.A. exam in second division, is struggling in his life to have a job, to get onto his own feet, but was unable. Although Somnath is badly off, his family is not in need of his income.His struggle is personal, not familial as there are quite supportive presences in the family such as his sister-in-law Kamala, who inspite of being in any hard conditions has supported Somnath.

Sankar sketches portraits of men and women within the frames of an opinionated society overflowing with proclivities. Somnath undergoes a moment of emasculation when his father attempts to marry him off to a girl who has a, “slight defect in her left hand,” but is considered a good match for a boy like him who is unemployed. Of course he can take over the girl’s father’s business so he gets to kill two birds with one stone. But this incident is extremely humiliating for Somnath because marriage is the first priority for girls in this society and a man without a job is considered as burdensome as a girl who is unmarried.

On the other side of the coin, there is a character like Sukumar. Whose poverty is another cause (most probably the main cause) of his struggle to get a job. The portrait of Sukumar is also powerful. He is the perfect example of how society can drive a person to madness because he does not fit in. Belonging to a poor family, it has become the only aim of his life as marriage of three sisters and the whole earning of the family after his father’s retirement all depends upon him only. The place of a jobless of a poor family in his house itself is portrayed awfully in the verses of the novel. Sankar expertly depicts the fellowship of these two hopefuls, Somnath and Sukumar, but does not fail to remind us of their differences.

There are two another very sound characters in the story. One is Dwaipayan and another one is Kamala. Dwaipayan is a sound image of a father who is quite worried of his unemployed son. On the other hand, Kamala is a loving sister-in-law, fond of her brother-in-law irrespective of his job perspective and has immense sympathy for both Somnath and his friend Sukumar.

Now coming to the symbolisation of the main protagonist, it describes a very truth of the backbone-broken society. How a common, honest person, quite educated,can  turn to the way of a fraud is a main social issue and is brought up on the table by Sankar in this story through the main protagonist himself. The ways that Somnath had to choose to get established in life after trying so much but being still a jobless is not the story of Somnath only, it’s the story of a many jobless who can’t make out with the adverse conditions of life, take wrong paths to get to the stream of life. Somnath also tried a lot, but when all went in vain, he had to take a “wrong turn”. But we see that he realised what he did, his frustration, unrest condition everything has notified the thought of guilt within himself inspite of being self-employed.

Another state, another attitude arises- the attitude of ego. It was well shown through Sukumar’s character. How the stress, the scold of the family-mates, their words can change the views of an unemployed towards his near and dear ones is perfectly painted through Sukumar’s character. His disgust has kept on increasing towards the family, his friends, the society, the system with the increase in the duration of his unemployment. This state of mind for a jobless is very natural as is seen in most of the cases. And Sankar has made no mistake in describing that with real plots.

Coming to the naming of the novel, I think I should go for both the versions of the title, the Bengali and the English names. The name ‘JANA ARANYA’ as given by Sankar in Bengali  effects the mind of a reader quite differently as is done by the name ‘THE MIDDLEMAN’. Jana-aranya in Bengali is synonymous to a lot of people or a large community of people. Here the word ‘jana aranya’ no doubt describes the ‘aranya’ of the jobless ‘jana’ or people. The story portrays their social, habitual, economical, familial conditions to a great extent. It is a story about them pointing out the status of the society itself, how there is no work even for the educated, the social exploitation is stated by the author brilliantly. In that sense, the name fits to the story. Now coming to the translated story, the name is basically denoting the job that Somnath started when he had nothing to do, under the consent of someone known. The story is overall (if not seen deeply according to its social message) a pathway how an honest, ordinary person becomes a fraud, a middleman after coming under pressure mentally or whatever. The two words have described the story in short, have pointed towards all the message that the writer wanted to convey. The title in this language is too quite apt.

Being a Bengali myself, I have taken the advantage of reading the story in both the languages. So, talking about the translation made by Arunava Sinha, it was also a pleasure reading the same in English. At times the translation is word-wise, at times the translation is feel-wise. It is good that the translator never tried to stick to any particular form of translation. It has made the translation much easier to read with all its moves and essences of the story still glued to it till the last word. As a resolution, I can say that I’ve enjoyed both the texts with similar extents. Besides Sankar, Arunava Sinha has also done an awesome job, worth praising.

For the final sentences to arrive, what I didn’t like so much about the book is that it seemed to be overcome by pity for the unemployed protagonist and others like him. Moreover, the two main protagonist only tried for the jobs which they might have thought of their own ‘status’ or match somehow with their educational qualifications. They have not tried for menial jobs or small businesses which could at least give them something to stand with. Circumstances at the time may have been such that this course of action would have proved unfruitful: but the fact that they don’t even try holds you back from really feeling sorry for them.

Although it is written in a smooth, unornamented prose, the novel’s achievement is deceptive. One would have to draw a diagram of the plot to see how deftly Somnath’s encounters with the different people in his life, his shuttling between home and the world, are laid out. There is a heartbreaking tenderness about some of the family scenes, and then a powerful hunger and ruthlessness about the world of deals and commissions; yet these realms are not a pair of simple contrasts, and at times it appears that it is the family that is unreasonable and the world of commerce a better arbiter of worth.
 

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